The urban area of Kenton County lies in a lower basin area, separated from Cincinnati by the Ohio River and from Newport/Campbell County by the Licking River. Parts of the Ohio and Licking Rivers have levies that help control flooding, however some areas are still significantly impacted by flooding events, which tend to occur in isolated areas after heavy rain events. The urban areas tend to be the oldest areas within Kenton County, being the first areas to be settled across the river from Cincinnati. The basin provided level ground for the urban areas to expand outwards until it met the steep hillsides farther south. Urban development then began to emerge on top of the hills and ridges in Northern Kentucky, being the next easiest place to develop. In more recent years, demand for new development has come to some of the last remaining vacant land in the urban areas – to the steep hillsides themselves. The hillsides present spectacular views of downtown Covington and Cincinnati, but they are prone to slippage and landslides.

Urban Kenton County offers the prospect for a metropolitan lifestyle that takes advantage of its proximity to other urban areas in Northern Kentucky and Ohio. The urban areas contain a regional central business district along with many neighborhood business districts. The strength of the neighborhood districts is directly tied to the health of the entire neighborhood. The urban areas are well connected via mass transit, interstates, and state and local roads to the rest of Kenton County and the entire region. The urban areas in Kenton County are dense mixed- use environments with a highly connected grid street system. The opportunity exists in the urban area to have almost all daily needs (home, work, school, shopping, entertainment, medical services, etc.) located within walking distance or a short vehicle trip. The natural environment is limited to parks and riversides and a few areas of steep elevation. All utilities are readily available, although the age of infrastructure is causing problems within certain neighborhoods.

The residents within urban areas of Kenton County are the most diverse in the county. There are many different ethnic backgrounds, income levels, and religious and political affiliations found in the urban areas. There are more identifiable neighborhoods with geographic boundaries than in the other built environments. This diversity, along with identifiable neighborhoods, brings a strength to the citizens of the urban areas to mobilize resources for the betterment of their communities. The aging housing stock presents a challenge. If it is well maintained, it can be an asset to the entire county. If it is allowed to degrade over time, it can have a cascading effect on the overall quality of the urban areas. Where community organization is strong, these problems have been mostly addressed or averted. The Cities of Covington and Ludlow have both taken measurable steps to maintain the older urban neighborhoods through formal historic preservation zoning and implementing design guidelines with Urban Design Review Boards.

Economic development and redevelopment in the urban area needs to be a top priority. The economy continues to shift from a manufacturing base to a service-based economy. The urban areas have already begun adapting to this new reality and will have to continue to look for ways to adapt and change to meet the demands of its residential and commercial areas in the future. Major economic development opportunities present themselves within the urban core with the proposed re-purposing of the former IRS site in Covington, a city lead effort which has the potential to be a major catalyst for strengthening the urban core.

The first-ring suburbs are located primarily along a ridge top that begins near the Ohio River in the center of the county and extends southwest towards Boone County. Interstate I-71/75 and Dixie Highway both follow this ridge and play an important role in the lives of residents as the primary access to jobs located in the urban areas and as a focus for commercial development.

The first-ring suburbs have a dual personality, combining aspects from both the urban areas and suburban areas into a unique built environment. First-ring suburbs consist primarily of older residential communities with small houses on small lots. In contrast to this, some infill development has occurred resulting in larger homes on large lots. Many areas of the first-ring suburbs are quite walkable; however, a majority of residents still rely on automobiles to access many of their daily needs such as employment or groceries.

Commercial centers are typically service oriented uses. These centers take the form of the smaller historical downtowns, in strip centers along major thoroughfares, or as big box uses located near interstate interchanges. The latter two types of commercial centers often directly compete with the historic downtowns, driving many small businesses under. In recent times, there has been a resurgence in interest in revitalizing or creating the more community and neighborhood oriented downtowns. Many cities have looked at or adopted studies and regulations promoting the traditional downtowns in lieu of strip and big box development. Fort Mitchell has adopted new zoning for Downtown Fort Mitchell which is intended to provide for a pedestrian-friendly, mixed-use city center that is compatible with its adjacent residential neighborhoods. Additionally, the former Drawbridge Inn site in Fort Mitchell, one of the last large vacant sites within the first-ring, is proposed to see significant redevelopment.

Likewise, community facilities located within the first-ring suburbs can be smaller neighborhood institutions or larger regional institutions. There are many local schools and churches that serve the immediate surrounding neighborhoods. Similarly, there are correspondingly large religious institutions and high schools that draw from the entire region.

Residential and commercial areas within the first- ring suburbs are in constant competition with the urban and suburban areas. As demand ebbs and flows, first-ring suburbs need to adopt measures to prevent the decline of the residential and commercial areas. As with the urban areas, the health of a neighborhood often begins with the quality and upkeep of the homes and businesses in the community.

The suburban areas of Kenton County occupy an area in northwest Kenton County along the Ohio River as well as most of the central portion of county. Suburban Kenton County is represented mostly by traditional suburban housing and an auto-oriented lifestyle. This development has a large effect on people’s health, housing choices and affordability, tax base, and form of development. The suburban com- munities are mostly bedroom communities with a majority of residents commuting to other parts of the region for work. While some suburban communities have a definable historic downtown, the viability of these downtowns has been eroded by the demand and introduction of larger scale retail options.

One of the largest issues facing suburbs is the declining demand for the suburban house. The housing market is likely to undergo significant changes in the coming decades. Seniors are retiring and expected to downsize in housing. Younger generations within the workforce are moving to urban areas and often renting, while others  are looking for large suburban homes within walkable communities. This may mean that Kenton County’s housing stock does not meet the needs and desires of our residents in the near future. In the short term, there will be a demand for a variety of housing types, with a focus on one- and two-bedroom units (see the Housing research report for more details). The larger homes and yard space makes the suburbs a popular choice for raising families. Older generations have indicated a desire to age in place. How long they will be able to maintain their houses and their lifestyle will significantly impact housing demand. Without other housing options, older generations may be forced to move to areas that can better accommodate their needs. Younger generations have shown a preference to urban living and renting longer, or even living in their parents’ houses.1,2,3

Mobility in the suburbs also presents its own unique issues. The auto-dependent nature of the suburbs of- ten puts a lot of strain on the street networks, causing delays and public expenditures for improvements. While sidewalks and parks do exist in suburban areas and within specific developments, the relative disconnected pattern of development makes walking and biking to destinations (grocery stores, restaurants) not likely. The topography of the suburbs is often a physical hindrance to providing connections within Kenton County.

Additionally, suburban development puts a strain on community finances. New development generates revenues as well as costs. New revenues include property taxes, income taxes, motor vehicle taxes, charges, fines, and fees. Costs include new roads, sewers, police and fire protection, parks, additional teachers, and new schools. As people choose to live farther and farther apart, the cost of delivering services becomes greater. More police and fire stations are needed to keep response times reasonable, more streets and sewers need to be maintained, post office workers and school buses have to drive a lot farther to provide service to residents.

Development within the Suburban Sub Area has seen significant growth in recent years, especially with low-density residential and more regional commercial within the Independence area.

The rural areas of Kenton County occupy approximately the southern third of the county, roughly south and east of KY 16. The rural areas also extend up the eastern side of Kenton County extending slightly north of the I-275 loop.

This area of Kenton County offers rural living less than 20 minutes away from the urban core and offers a wide expanse of agricultural lands. The proximity of this rural landscape to the city’s center provides a true view into the rural culture of the State of Kentucky and an outlet from the more dense and congested development of the more urbanized portions of this region.

Agricultural production occurs on smaller farms operating as a supplement to the owners’ full-time daily income. Traditional farming has given way to more modern endeavors such as agritourism (tourism in which tourists board at farms or in rural villages and experience farming at close hand), egg production, equine livestock, fruit and vegetable production, horticulture production, ornamental production, and vineyards and wine production enterprises.

Development in rural Kenton County is bucolic in its nature – houses spread out with plenty of space, small to moderate sized farming operations, narrow roads, and rolling hills offering vistas of the surrounding countryside. Commercial uses are typically centered around the rural community centers of Piner, Visalia, Morning View, and Kenton. The South Kenton Citizens Group has worked with the Fiscal Court in modifying the rural commercial zoning district, which is intended to provide limited commercial uses, at a generally smaller scale, to serve the rural residents.

The rural areas continue to struggle for the provision of up-to-date services such as water, sewer, police and fire protection and cell phone service. One of the challenges in providing these services is the very low-density of the area which influences the cost of providing services.

The second theme – keeping the rural areas rural – is directly impacted by the first theme. While up-to-date services contribute to a better quality of life, they also make the area more attractive for more dense and intense development (wider roads mean safer and easier access, new sewers mean extra capacity for new homes, etc.). There are economic and social pressures on rural Kenton County to develop. Research shows that farm real estate values are increasing while farming net income is decreasing4. Increasingly, shifts in lifestyle preferences of younger generations are also causing the number of residents willing to farm the land to dwindle.

A portion of southwest Kenton County, generally the area between US 25 and the interstate, has been identified for future industrial development. Care is needed to balance the need for this future industrial growth with preserving the rural nature of the residential area.